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Ferhat Abbas
Ferhat Abbas ((アラビア語:فرحات عباس); ALA-LC: ''Farḥāt ʿAbbās''; Kabyle: ''Ferḥat Σabbas'' ⴼⴻⵔⵃⴰⵜ ⵄⴰⴱⴱⴰⵙ; 24 October 1899 – 24 December 1985) was an Algerian politician who acted in a provisional capacity as the yet-to-become independent country's President from 1958 to 1961. His political views were noted as evolving from a collaborationist all the way to a revolutionary over an approximate twenty-year period.
== Background ==
The son of a caid, Said Ben Ahmed Abbas and Achoura (Maza) Abbas, he was born in the village of Taher, Algeria.〔〔 In addition to being a caid in the village of Chahna, his father had also been awarded the rosette and silver braid of a commander of the Legion of Honor.〔 He was educated first, at Phillipeville (now called Skikda), Constantine, where he received his baccalaureate. Before finishing his education, he was required to serve in the French army medical corps where he received the rank of sergeant. Abbas then attended the pharmacy school at the University of Algiers.〔 After his education he worked as a pharmacist at Setif, where he tried his hand at politics. At Setif, he was elected to the municipal council, then the general council of Constantine.〔 He had been ere Algerians would have the same rights as Frenchmen. These early years his views were very sympathetic to his French allies, illustrated by his writings, such as in an article from 1936 titled "I am France".〔 He became disillusioned with France, in 1938, when his hopes were not realized, and he organized the Algerian Popular Union (Union Populaire Algerienne). This organization promoted equal rights for the French and Algerians whilst maintaining Algerian culture and language as primary.〔 Interrupted by World War II, he volunteered in the medical corps of the French Army. After his service, he continued to evolve and turn away from France, as General Giraud refused his requests to allow Muslims to enlist in their fight against the occupying forces as equals.〔 His desire for change continued and he turned to nationalism, issuing the ''Manifesto of the Algerian People'' on Feb. 10, 1943.〔 The manifesto made apparent the philosophical changes that Abbas had undergone. He now condemned colonial rule by the French, but he also demanded Algerian self-determination. He went as far as to impart the need for an Algerian constitution, which would grant equality to all Algerians. In May he, along with some colleagues, added a clause foreseeing a sovereign Algeria.〔 The manifesto was presented to the French on June 26, and was rejected by the governor general. He, along with Messali Hadj form the Amis du Manifeste et de la Liberte, which called for an autonomous republic. This results in his being imprisoned for a year, and the quick dissolution of the AML.〔 In 1946, he forms the nationalist political party Union Démocratique du Manifeste Algérien (UDMA) when he was elected member of the Constituent Assembly of France. This new organization called for a more moderate approach, such as the formation of an Algerian state with the full cooperation of the French. 1946 also saw him named as editor of the publication ''Egalité''. He remained active in politics as a member of the Algerian Assembly through 1955. During these years he was arrested twice by the French. His continuing efforts did not succeed and he fled to Cairo, in 1956. While in Cairo, he worked alongside Ahmed Ben Bella, a fellow revolutionary.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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